Cilantro (Coriander): Planting, Harvesting, Growing, and More

Stepping into the world of cilantro gardening offers a rewarding journey filled with aromatic herbs and flavorful dishes. Understanding the taxonomy, cultivation techniques, and potential challenges of cilantro cultivation is essential for a successful harvest. Explore cilantro otherwise known as coriander with our science-based guide. Dive into the genus, etymology, cultivation & more! 

Understanding Coriander (Cilantro)

Coriander (cilantro) is an annual herb that is prized for both its leaves and seeds. This short-lived herb grows more quickly than other herbs. Most gardeners plant cilantro/coriander at intervals throughout the growing season so they have a steady supply of this tasty herb. 

Taxonomy of Coriander

Coriander, scientifically termed Coriandrum sativum and colloquially known as cilantro or dhaniya, belongs to the Apiaceae family. Its annual growth cycle yields edible parts, predominantly valued for their fresh leaves and dried seeds in culinary traditions. Among its diverse flavors, some individuals detect a soapy taste, attributed to genetic variations in the OR6A2 gene. This genetic interplay adds an intriguing layer to the exploration of coriander’s taxonomy and taste perception. 

Etymology

The etymology of coriander traces back through various languages and cultures, offering insights into its rich linguistic history. The term “coriander” derives from the Old French “coriandre,” which in turn originates from Latin “coriandrum,” ultimately rooted in Greek “koriannon.” This linguistic journey reflects coriander’s ancient use and cultivation across Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions, where it held culinary and medicinal significance. The diverse linguistic origins of “coriander” highlight its enduring cultural and culinary legacy worldwide. 

Botanical Classifications

*Additional cultivars/varieties based on leaf shape, seed size, etc. 

Cilantro vs. Coriander: What’s the Difference?

Coriander and cilantro are terms often used interchangeably, yet they refer to different parts of the same plant, Coriandrum sativum. In culinary contexts, cilantro typically refers to the fresh leaves of the plant, known for their vibrant flavor and aromatic qualities. On the other hand, coriander commonly denotes the dried seeds of the same plant, which have a distinct taste and are often used as a spice. This linguistic distinction between cilantro and coriander highlights the versatile nature of Coriandrum sativum, with its leaves and seeds offering unique culinary experiences. However, it’s worth noting that regional preferences and cultural traditions may influence how these terms are used and understood. 

Understanding Cilantro Varieties 

Understanding the various varieties of coriander opens doors to a world of culinary exploration and experimentation. From the citrusy zest of Common Cilantro to the bold intensity of Culantro, each variety offers a unique flavor profile that can elevate dishes from diverse cultural traditions.  

1. Common Cilantro (Coriandrum Sativum) 

Common cilantro, also known simply as cilantro, features delicate, lacy leaves with a citrusy, slightly peppery flavor profile. It’s widely used in various cuisines around the world, particularly in Latin American, Asian, and Mediterranean dishes, both fresh and dried as coriander seeds. 

2. Vietnamese Cilantro (Persicaria Odorata)

Vietnamese cilantro, also called Vietnamese coriander or laksa leaf, boasts long, slender leaves with a tangy, peppery taste and a hint of lemon. It’s a staple herb in Southeast Asian cooking, particularly in Vietnamese and Malaysian cuisines, where it adds a refreshing flavor to soups, salads, and seafood dishes. 

3. Culantro (Eryngium Foetdinum)

Culantro, not to be confused with cilantro, is a tropical herb with long, serrated leaves and a robust, pungent flavor reminiscent of cilantro but stronger and more assertive. It’s commonly used in Caribbean, Latin American, and Southeast Asian cuisines, particularly in dishes like salsas, marinades, and stews, where its intense flavor shines through. 

4. Cilantro Delfino (Coriandrum Sativum ‘Defiltino’)

Cilantro Delfino is a unique variety of cilantro featuring finely cut, fern-like leaves that resemble dill. It offers a milder, more delicate flavor compared to traditional cilantro, making it a versatile option for garnishing salads, soups, and seafood dishes, or for infusing oils and vinegars. 

How to Plant Cilantro

Growing cilantro offers various methods, including seeds, plants, or cuttings, each with its advantages. Cilantro seeds are cost-effective and straightforward to cultivate, making them the preferred choice for many gardeners. Additionally, harvesting cilantro at the baby green or microgreen stage is possible when grown from seeds, providing culinary versatility. For those opting for plants, albeit pricier, it offers a quick start to cilantro cultivation.  

How to Grow Cilantro 

Cilantro is one of the easiest herbs to grow in your garden. Regardless of the method chosen, proper care is essential.  

Outdoors

Cilantro thrives in partial shade to full sun, requiring at least six hours of sunlight daily for optimal growth. Ensure well-draining soil with good organic matter content and aim for a pH level between 6.2 and 6.8. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged, as cilantro prefers slightly moist conditions. Fertilize lightly with a balanced fertilizer every four to six weeks to encourage healthy growth. As cilantro is a fast-growing herb, be vigilant for signs of bolting, and harvest regularly to prevent premature flowering.  

Indoors

Growing cilantro indoors offers a convenient solution for enthusiasts lacking outdoor space or contending with inclement weather. Opt for a sunny windowsill or a spot with at least six hours of direct sunlight daily, supplementing with grow lights if necessary. Ensure well-draining soil in a pot with drainage holes and maintain consistent moisture levels to support healthy growth. Additionally, regular watering and fertilization with a liquid fish emulsion can support a cilantro’s nutrient needs. 

Cilantro Lifespan and Garden Planning 

Cilantro is a cool-season herb that tends to bolt and go to seed quickly in warm temperatures, typically lasting only 6 to 8 weeks before reaching this stage. Consequently, gardeners must plan for successive plantings or staggered sowings to ensure a continuous harvest throughout the growing season. By strategically replanting cilantro every few weeks, gardeners can maintain a steady supply of fresh leaves, prolonging their harvest and maximizing the herb’s culinary potential in various dishes. 

Harvesting Cilantro 

Harvesting cilantro at the right time is crucial for maximizing flavor and freshness in culinary endeavors. Typically, cilantro is ready for harvest when it reaches a height of 6 to 8 inches (around 4 weeks of growth) and develops a lush canopy of leaves. To harvest, snip off individual stems just above the leaf nodes, allowing the plant to continue growing and producing new foliage. For optimal flavor, harvest cilantro in the morning when its essential oils are most concentrated. To store harvested cilantro, rinse the stems in cold water, gently pat them dry, and wrap them in a damp paper towel. Place the bundle in a plastic bag, loosely seal it, and store it in the refrigerator’s crisper drawer. Properly stored, cilantro can stay fresh for up to two weeks, ready to add a burst of flavor to your culinary creations at a moment’s notice. 

Fun Facts About Cilantro 

Whether you love or hate cilantro, it has a fascinating history that any gardener would appreciate.  

• Ancient Roots: cilantro dates back 5,000 years, which makes it one of the world’s oldest herbs. Cilantro seeds were even found in Egyptian tombs!  
• Global Names: depending on where you are in the world, cilantro can also be referred to as parsley! Some of these names include Chinese parsley, Italian parsley, and sea parsley.  
• Love It or Hate It: cilantro is a divisive herb due to its taste. For most of us, cilantro can add a pleasant, fresh flavor to our food. However, there’s an unlucky few that taste soap or dirt when eating cilantro. This distinction in taste difference may be affected by genetics. 
• Nutritional Benefits: cilantro is rich in vitamins A, K and E – essential vitamins to help your eyes, skin, bone health, and immune system. It’s also great for promoting good digestive health. 
• Culinary Uses: Cilantro is a rich, flavorful ingredient that is most often used in salsas, curries, soups and sauces. It’s featured in various cuisines like Mediterranean, Mexican, Indian, Chinese, Thai, North African and Eastern European – and many more! 

Cilantro Pests and Diseases 

Cilantro, like any herb, is susceptible to pests and diseases that can affect its health.

Pests

Cilantro plants are often targeted by common pests like aphids and spider mites. Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that cluster on the undersides of leaves, sucking sap and causing leaf curling and distortion. Spider mites, on the other hand, are tiny arachnids that leave fine webbing on plants and cause stippling and yellowing of leaves. 

Combatting insects in your cilantro garden can be done organically. Introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings can help control aphid populations, while regularly spraying plants with a solution of neem oil or insecticidal soap can deter spider mites. Additionally, maintaining good garden hygiene by removing weeds and debris can prevent pest infestations. 

Diseases

Several diseases can affect cilantro plants. Powdery mildew and root rot are two prevalent diseases that affect cilantro plants. Powdery mildew presents as a white, powdery coating on leaves, while root rot causes the roots to become mushy and discolored, leading to wilting and stunted growth. 

Preventing diseases in cilantro plants starts with proper care and maintenance. Adequate spacing between plants promotes air circulation, reducing humidity and minimizing disease risk. Avoid overwatering and waterlogged soil, as excess moisture can create conditions favorable for root rot. To treat powdery mildew, spray affected plants with a solution of milk and water, while improving soil drainage can help prevent root rot. Embracing these organic methods can help keep your cilantro garden healthy and thriving, ensuring a bountiful harvest of fresh, flavorful herbs for your culinary creations. 

Conclusion

cilantro’s journey from seed to plate embodies the essence of gastronomic exploration and cultural exchange. Its vibrant leaves and aromatic seeds serve as a testament to the ingenuity of cooks and the resilience of nature. Whether gracing the tables of home kitchens or Michelin-starred restaurants, cilantro transcends borders and unites palates in a shared appreciation for its unique flavors and versatility. As we cultivate, harvest, and savor this beloved herb, let us cherish the connections it fosters and the memories it evokes, reminding us of the beauty found in the simplest of culinary delights.cilantro’s journey from seed to plate embodies the essence of gastronomic exploration and cultural exchange. Its vibrant leaves and aromatic seeds serve as a testament to the ingenuity of cooks and the resilience of nature. Whether gracing the tables of home kitchens or Michelin-starred restaurants, cilantro transcends borders and unites palates in a shared appreciation for its unique flavors and versatility. As we cultivate, harvest, and savor this beloved herb, let us cherish the connections it fosters and the memories it evokes, reminding us of the beauty found in the simplest of culinary delights.

Cilantro’s journey from seed to plate embodies the essence of gastronomic exploration and cultural exchange. Its vibrant leaves and aromatic seeds serve as a testament to the ingenuity of cooks and the resilience of nature. Cilantro transcends borders and unites palates in a shared appreciation for its unique flavors and versatility. It is one of the easiest, most-rewarding herbs to grow in your garden and enjoy in your kitchen. We hope this guide has piqued your interest to try growing cilantro yourself. Add fresh flavors to your meals with fresh cilantro from your garden.  

Be sure to share your cilantro-growing experience and favorite recipes with us in the comments below. We’d love to hear from you!